From the epic tales of Troy to the cinematic battles of 300, Roman civilization has long captivated our imaginations. But beyond the myths and grand stories lies a complex historical tapestry often locked away in brittle, weathered inscriptions scattered across the ancient world.
I recently discovered that traditional historians have wrestled with these inscriptions for centuries. These ancient texts were everywhere in the Roman world — official decrees, dedications, graffiti — yet time hasn’t been kind to them. Most surviving inscriptions are fragmentary or eroded, making it nearly impossible to accurately restore, date, or contextualize them using conventional methods.
What makes these inscriptions so valuable is their direct link to the past: they were penned firsthand by ancient Romans themselves. But without crucial context, their true stories often remain locked away, frustrating historians eager to piece together more accurate accounts of Roman life and governance.
That’s where AI steps in. I came across exciting work from Google DeepMind‘s new AI model named Inias, inspired by the Roman hero who famously defended his city in the Trojan War. This innovative system is tailored specifically to crack the code of damaged Latin inscriptions.
How AI brings ancient texts back to life
Inias does much more than guess missing words from fragmentary texts. Trained on over 176,000 Latin inscriptions, this AI works in tandem with historians — combining expert knowledge with machine learning to generate interpretations that are transparent and grounded in real context.
When given a damaged or incomplete inscription, the model automatically searches for parallels: similar inscriptions from the vast dataset it has studied. It then uses these comparisons to predict what missing parts might say and even estimate when and where an inscription was made. But this isn’t about replacing human expertise. Instead, it acts as a collaborative tool, offering interpretable suggestions that become valuable starting points for historians to build upon.
Boosting scholars’ confidence with AI
In a major evaluation involving 23 historians — from PhD candidates to seasoned professors — Inias’ contributions really stood out. The experts reported that the parallels suggested by the AI boosted their research confidence by 44%. Even more impressively, they considered these AI-generated leads as valid research foundations nine out of ten times.
The AI model’s parallels boosted historians’ confidence by 44% and were seen as valid starting points 90% of the time.
Given how painstaking and complex decoding ancient inscriptions can be, this is a substantial leap forward. Inias doesn’t just speed up the process; it helps unlock connections that might have gone unnoticed, deepening our understanding of the Roman world.
Why Inias matters beyond the Romans
The promise of this AI tool extends far beyond the Roman Empire. Its approach could be pivotal in deciphering lost languages and incomplete texts from civilizations around the globe, making previously inaccessible narratives readable once again.
By embracing AI as a partner to historians, we’re opening doors to history’s mysteries that have long resisted our best efforts. The Roman Empire’s legacy is immense, but tools like Inias remind us that there’s always more waiting to be discovered — if we have the right keys.
Key takeaways
- AI models like Inias are transforming how we restore and interpret damaged ancient inscriptions.
- Combining machine learning with expert human insight leads to more confident, reliable historical analysis.
- This technology holds potential to decode lost languages and reshape our understanding of human history.
So next time you marvel at Roman relics or ancient scripts, remember there’s a new kind of archaeology underway — one where artificial intelligence helps bring the past back to life, word by word.
